The Second Law of Thermodynamics in Irreversible Isothermal Processes

Main Article Content

Yu.P. Chukova

Abstract

Isothermal irreversible processes under electromagnetic radiation are considered by the “black box” method. The laws of efficiency of conversion of electromagnetic radiation energy into Helmholtz free energy are obtained. The origin of the «white spots» of modern knowledge in various fields of science is explained, which ensures their elimination.

Article Details

Yu.P. Chukova. (2025). The Second Law of Thermodynamics in Irreversible Isothermal Processes. International Journal of Physics Research and Applications, 059–064. https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijpra.1001116
Research Articles

Copyright (c) 2025 Petrovna CY.

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